DOI : https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.14.2.19783

Ergonomic Factors Which Affect the Work Productivity of Clove Flower Harvesters

I Ketut Gde Juli Suarbawa (1), M. Yusuf (2), Lilik Sudiajeng (3)
(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bali State Polytechnic, Denpasar, 80362, Indonesia
(2) Department of Civill Engineering, Bali State Polytechnic, Denpasar, 80362, Indonesia
(3) Department of Civill Engineering, Bali State Polytechnic, Denpasar, 80362, Indonesia
Fulltext View | Download
How to cite (IJASEIT) :
Suarbawa, I Ketut Gde Juli, et al. “Ergonomic Factors Which Affect the Work Productivity of Clove Flower Harvesters”. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 14, no. 2, Apr. 2024, pp. 675-82, doi:10.18517/ijaseit.14.2.19783.
Citation Format :
The height of the cloves at which they begin to flower, which is about 20 meters, is a factor that affects the clove harvesting procedure. This means that collecting cloves at height necessitates using tools that ensure worker safety. The agricultural industry is susceptible to ergonomic work risks resulting from several elements, such as worker characteristics, job demands and procedures, work organization, and environmental conditions. It is necessary to prioritize people as the critical consideration in defining work or human-centered design to manage ergonomic risks. This research analyzes the risk facts for clove flower pickers with a comprehensive method covering task, organization, and environment. This study was conducted during the clove flower harvest season from July to September 2023 at the plantation in Munduk Village-Bali, with 107 participants. Data on ergonomic hazards from internal and external factors before and after work were collected from MSDs and predicted using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire; fatigue was measured using the Core questionnaire Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ- C30), rating pulses were measured using a pulse meter. The data obtained were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Model). Significant differences were p < 0.05. The results of the research show that internal factors, particularly age, exert a negative influence on productivity. External factors, including body posture, time conditions, social conditions, information conditions, and human-tool interactions, significantly influenced productivity. This highlighted the importance of optimizing the "human-machine-environment" system to enhance safety, efficiency, and overall well-being.

J. N. Haro-González, G. A. Castillo-Herrera, M. Martínez-Velázquez, and H. Espinosa-Andrews, “Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum l. myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health,” Molecules, vol. 26, no. 21. MDPI, Nov. 01, 2021. doi:10.3390/molecules26216387.

S. Schmiedel, D. Beaudoin, and M. Rönnqvist, “Stand-specific working methods for harvester operators: a simulation study,” International Journal of Forest Engineering, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 250–261, 2022, doi: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2068291.

I. Juli Suarbawa, L. Sudiajeng, and W. Suma Wibawa, “Workload Analysis of Clove Flower Pickers In Munduk Village, Buleleng Bali,” 000410529, Nov. 25, 2022.

S. Mohamaddan et al., “Investigation of oil palm harvesting tools design and technique on work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper body,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 86, Nov. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103226.

G. Kar and A. Hedge, “Effects of a sit-stand-walk intervention on musculoskeletal discomfort, productivity, and perceived physical and mental fatigue, for computer-based work,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 78, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2020.102983.

A. Choobineh et al., “A multilayered ergonomic intervention program on reducing musculoskeletal disorders in an industrial complex: A dynamic participatory approach,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 86, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103221.

N Adiputra, “Pulse and Its Use in Ergonomics,” Indonesian Ergonomics Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 22–26, 2022.

M. Baietto, “Bud Fall Induction in Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum),” Academic Research International, vol. 5, no. 4, 2014.

H. Soewardi and R. Sujono, “A new development of the clove harvest safety tool for farmers,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Institute of Physics Publishing, Nov. 2019. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1367/1/012040.

S. Schmiedel, D. Beaudoin, M. Rönnqvist, and D. B. & M. R. Simon Schmiedel, “Stand-specific working methods for harvester operators: a simulation study,” International Journal of Forest Engineering, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 250–261, Sep. 2022, doi:10.1080/14942119.2022.2068291.

A. Jirapongsuwan, P. Klainin-Yobas, W. Songkham, S. Somboon, N. Pumsopa, and P. Bhatarasakoon, “The effectiveness of ergonomic intervention for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders in agricultural workers: A systematic review protocol,” PLoS One, vol. 18, no. 7 July, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288131.

E. Erstad, R. Hopcraft, A. Vineetha Harish, and K. Tam, “A human-centred design approach for the development and conducting of maritime cyber resilience training,” WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 241–266, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s13437-023-00304-7.

M. H. H. M. Noor and R. A. Raja Ghazilla, “Physical ergonomics awareness in an offshore processing platform among Malaysian oil and gas workers,” International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 521–537, Jul. 2020, doi:10.1080/10803548.2018.1480341.

S. E. Peters, H. D. Trieu, J. Manjourides, J. N. Katz, and J. T. Dennerlein, “Designing a participatory total worker health® organizational intervention for commercial construction subcontractors to improve worker safety, health, and well-being: The ‘arm for subs’ trial,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 17, no. 14, pp. 1–15, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145093.

L. Tang, G. Wang, W. Zhang, and J. Zhou, “The prevalence of MSDs and the associated risk factors in nurses of China,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 87, p. 103239, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103239.

S. AlBaiti, N. Nawayseh, and A. Cheaitou, “Optimizing worker productivity and the exposure to hand-arm vibration: a skill-based job rotation model,” Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 121–139, Feb. 2024, doi:10.1080/21681015.2023.2270985.

A. Reiman, J. Kaivo-oja, E. Parviainen, E. P. Takala, and T. Lauraeus, “Human work in the shift to Industry 4.0: a road map to the management of technological changes in manufacturing,” Int J Prod Res, 2023, doi: 10.1080/00207543.2023.2291814.

M. Shakerian, R. Esmaeili, and M. Rismanchian, “Association of ergonomics risk factors among Iranian calico crafts-men and musculoskeletal discomforts: a cross-sectional study,” BMC Musculoskelet Disord, vol. 24, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12891-023-06219-x.

Q. Rachmah et al., “The effectiveness of nutrition and health intervention in workplace setting: A systematic review,” 2022.

A. I. Pascual, D. Högberg, D. Lämkull, E. P. Luque, A. Syberfeldt, and L. Hanson, “Optimization of Productivity and Worker Well-Being by Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Framework,” IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors, vol. 9, no. 3–4, pp. 143–153, 2021, doi:10.1080/24725838.2021.1997834.

C. J. Lin, R. Y. Efranto, and M. A. Santoso, “Identification of workplace social sustainability indicators related to employee ergonomics perception in Indonesian industry,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 19, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.3390/su131911069.

M. A. Nussbaum, B. D. Lowe, M. de Looze, C. Harris-Adamson, and M. Smets, “ An Introduction to the Special Issue on Occupational Exoskeletons ,” IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors, vol. 7, no. 3–4, pp. 153–162, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1080/24725838.2019.1709695.

Dias NF, Tirloni AS, Cunha Dos Reis D, and Moro ARP, “The effect of different work-rest schedules on ergonomic risk in poultry slaughterhouse workers,” Work, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 215–223, 2021, doi:10.3233/WOR-213471.

Martina Ziefle, “Visual Ergonomic Issues of LCD Displays – An Insight into Working Conditions and User Characteristics,” in Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-01293-8_41.

B. Hasanain, “The Role of Ergonomic and Human Factors in Sustainable Manufacturing: A Review,” Machines, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 159, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.3390/machines12030159.

J. J. Tejada, J. Raymond, and B. Punzalan, “On the Misuse of Slovin’s Formula,” The Philippine Statistician, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 129–136, 2012, Accessed: Jun. 25, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.psai.ph/docs/publications/tps/tps_2012_61_1_9.pdf

A. Althubaiti, “Sample size determination: A practical guide for health researchers,” Journal of General and Family Medicine, vol. 24, no. 2. John Wiley and Sons Inc, pp. 72–78, Mar. 01, 2023. doi:10.1002/jgf2.600.

M. N. Marshall, “Sampling for qualitative research,” 1996. [Online]. Available: https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article/13/6/522/496701

N. Abdollahpour and F. Helali, “Implementing Practical Ergonomics Knowledge Transfer Using Ergonomic Checkpoints to Support the Participatory Ergonomics Process in an Industrially Developing Country,” IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 59–70, 2022, doi: 10.1080/24725838.2022.2054880.

D. Kee, “Characteristics of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 20, no. 2, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021024.

W. M. Keyserling, D. S. Stetson, B. A. Silverstein, and M. L. Brouwer, “A checklist for evaluating ergonomic risk factors associated with upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders,” Ergonomics, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 807–831, 1993, doi: 10.1080/00140139308967945.

K. J. I. Kuorinka, B. Jonsson, A. Kilbom, H. Vinterberg, F. Biering-Sørensen, G. Andersson, “Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms,” Appl Ergon, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 233–237, 1987, Accessed: Jun. 22, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-X

A. Penson et al., “Short fatigue questionnaire: Screening for severe fatigue.,” J Psychosom Res, vol. 137, Oct. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110229.

Lynn McAtamney and E Nigel Corlett, “RULA: a survey method for the investigation of world-related upper limb disorders,” Appl Ergon, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 91–99, Apr. 1993.

A. Manuaba, “Total Approach is a Must for Small and Medium Enterprises to Attain Sustainable Working Conditions and Environment, with Special Reference to Bali, Indonesia,” Ind Health, vol. 44, pp. 22–26, 2006.

F. Li, S. Liu, F. Zhang, and H. Huang, “Moderating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Time Pressure on the Relationship Between Employee Aging and Work Performance,” Psychol Res Behav Manag, vol. 15, pp. 1043–1054, 2022, doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S359624.

ILO, Key Indicators of the Labour Market., Ninth. Geneva: International Labor Organization Cataloguing in Publication Data, 2016.

A. S. Oestergaard, T. F. Smidt, K. Søgaard, and L. F. Sandal, “Musculoskeletal disorders and perceived physical work demands among offshore wind industry technicians across different turbine sizes: A cross-sectional study,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 88, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103278.

N. J. La Delfa, R. L. Whittaker, R. M. E. Lockley, D. E. Fournier, and C. R. Dickerson, “The sensitivity of shoulder muscle fatigue to vertical hand location during complex manual force exertions,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 88, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103272.

L. Tang, G. Wang, W. Zhang, and J. Zhou, “The prevalence of MSDs and the associated risk factors in nurses of China,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 87, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103239.

N. Ali Alzahrani, “Workplace Ergonomics and Academic Staff Performance in College of Education in Umm Al-Qura University in Makkah,” Am J Educ Res, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 604–617, Sep. 2019, doi:10.12691/education-7-9-2.

W. Poochada, S. Chaiklieng, and S. Andajani, “Musculoskeletal Disorders among Agricultural Workers of Various Cultivation Activities in Upper Northeastern Thailand,” Safety, vol. 8, no. 3, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3390/safety8030061.

B. Gajšek, A. Draghici, M. E. Boatca, A. Gaureanu, and D. Robescu, “Linking the Use of Ergonomics Methods to Workplace Social Sustainability: The Ovako Working Posture Assessment System and Rapid Entire Body Assessment Method,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 7, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.3390/su14074301.

K. S. Ph. D. , M. P. M. Sc. , H. B. O. E. Hanne Christensen Ph.D., “The importance of the work/rest pattern as a risk factor in repetitive monotonous work,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 367–737, May 2000.

D. Kee, “Participatory Ergonomic Interventions for Improving Agricultural Work Environment: A Case Study in a Farming Organization of Korea,” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 4, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/app12042263.

L. S. C. P. Narelle Skepper, “A case study of the use of ergonomics information in a heavy engineering design process,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 425–435, Sep. 2000.

V. , & F. F. Duraj, “Ergonomic Evaluation of Orchard Ladders with Shorter Rung Spacing,” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 915–918, 2020.

Minister Manpower of the Republic Indonesia, Regulation Minister of Manpower Number 9. 2016. Accessed: Jun. 18, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://jdih.kemnaker.go.id/katalog-1210-Peraturan Menteri.html.

W. Karwowski and W. S. Marras, “Occupational Ergonomics: Design and Management of Work Systems,” Boca Raton New York, 2003. Accessed: Jul. 27, 2023.

N. L. B. J.-C. S. G. H. Y. R. Mohsen Zare, “Ergonomics interventions to reduce musculoskeletal risk factors in a truck manufacturing plant,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , vol. 75, no. 1, Jan. 2020.

A. D. Kroemer and K. H. E. Kroemer, Office ergonomics: Ease and efficiency at work: Second edition, vol. Second Edition. CRC Press, 2016. doi: 10.1201/9781315368603.

M. J. J. Gumasing and E. J. E. Espejo, “An ergonomic approach on facilities and workstation design of public school canteen in the Philippines,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, vol. 0, no. March, pp. 1662–1671, 2020.

J. El-amir, “Investigating the Relation between Ergonomics and Efficiency of Hotel Kitchen Staff,” vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 110–121, 2019.

S. Mohamaddan et al., “Investigation of oil palm harvesting tools design and technique on work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper body,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 86, Nov. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103226.

A. Choobineh et al., “A multilayered ergonomic intervention program on reducing musculoskeletal disorders in an industrial complex: A dynamic participatory approach,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 86, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103221.

N. J. La Delfa, R. L. Whittaker, R. M. E. Lockley, D. E. Fournier, and C. R. Dickerson, “The sensitivity of shoulder muscle fatigue to vertical hand location during complex manual force exertions,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 88, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103272.

M. Wahyuni, A. Satria Efendi, E. Purnawati Rahayu, and S. Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Hang Tuah Pekanbaru, “The risk analysis of workers at height at construction companies in Kepulauan Riau,” Article in International Journal of Health Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 100–110, 2022, doi: 10.31101/ijhst.v4i1.2550.

L. Benos, D. Tsaopoulos, and D. Bochtis, “A review on ergonomics in agriculture. part I: Manual operations,” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 10, no. 6. MDPI AG, pp. 1–21, Mar. 01, 2020. doi:10.3390/app10061905.

M. H. Muhamad Hasani, V. Hoe Chee Wai Abdullah, N. Aghamohammadi, and K. Chinna, “The role of active ergonomic training intervention on upper limb musculoskeletal pain and discomfort: A cluster randomized controlled trial,” Int J Ind Ergon, vol. 88, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103275.

M. Seo, H. Kim, and W. Jung, “Ergonomic Improvements to Agricultural Harvest Baskets to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Farmers,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 19, no. 17, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710669.

M. Barneo-Alcántara, M. Díaz-Pérez, M. Gómez-Galán, Á. Carreño-Ortega, and Á. J. Callejón-Ferre, “Musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture: A review from web of science core collection,” Agronomy, vol. 11, no. 10. MDPI, Oct. 01, 2021. doi:10.3390/agronomy11102017.

P. Akhil, “Importance of Ergonomics in Agriculture,” J Ergonomics, vol. 11, no. S4, Aug. 2021, Accessed: Jun. 25, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.longdom.org/open-access-pdfs/importance-of-ergonomics-in-agriculture.pdf

S. P. Tripathi, S. Pratap, S. Somvanshi, S. Ranjan, K. Singh, and A. Mishra, “A Review of Ergonomic Evaluation of Occupational Hazard of Indian Agriculture Farm and Allied Activities,” in Occupational Wellbeing, Kavitha Palaniappan; Pamela McCauley, Ed., 2021. doi:10.5772/intechopen.87327.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

    1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
    2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
    3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).