DOI : https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.14.6.10417

Investigation of the High Velocity Impact Test on the Curved Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Composites Using Explicit Dynamics Analysis

Batool Mardan Faisal (1), K. A. Abed (2), Ayad Ali Mohammed (3), Emad Kamil Hussein (4), Hussein Kadhim Sharaf (5), Thiago Santos (6), Caroliny Santos (7)
(1) Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq
(2) University of Anbar, College of Engineering: Ramadi City, Al Anbar, Iraq
(3) Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Al-Mussaib Technical College, Babil, Iraq
(4) Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Mussaib Technical College, Al Furat Al Awsat Technical University, Babil, Iraq
(5) AL-Muqdad College of Education, University of diyala, Diyala, Iraq
(6) Technology center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Prof. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
(7) Technology center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Prof. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Fulltext View | Download
How to cite (IJASEIT) :
Faisal , Batool Mardan, et al. “Investigation of the High Velocity Impact Test on the Curved Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Composites Using Explicit Dynamics Analysis”. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 14, no. 6, Dec. 2024, pp. 2084-9, doi:10.18517/ijaseit.14.6.10417.
Citation Format :
In this study, investigation of the high-Velocity Impact test on the curved glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites using explicit dynamics analysis has been performed using FEM. Four types of energy were examined: internal energy, kinetic energy, contact energy, and hourglass energy. The investigation revealed that the most significant variation occurred in the internal energy, reaching a peak value of 1.0e-3. Deformation due to impacted forces was considered accordingly. Three forces were considered accordingly: 1,2,3 kn. Based on the numerical analysis, the maximum deformation was reached 76 mm.  Von Mises stress due to the applied load was considered as well. The von Mises stresses using explicit dynamic tools in analysis software. Three loads were considered for the general inspections till 3 KN. The numerical results proved that the maximum stress reached 22 MPa. This substantial change is primarily due to the alterations in the material’s morphology, indicating how the material's internal structure responded to the applied conditions. Kinetic energy, which relates to the motion of the material, and contact energy, which pertains to the interactions at the material’s surfaces, were also analyzed. However, these energies did not exhibit as pronounced changes as the internal energy.

C. Yang, Y. Gao, W. Guo, Y. Yang, P. Xu, and M. S. Alqahtani, “High-velocity impact behaviour of curved GFRP composites for rail vehicles: Experimental and numerical study,” Polymer Testing, vol. 116, p. 107774, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107774.

F. Chen, Y. Peng, X. Chen, K. Wang, Z. Liu, and C. Chen, “Investigation of the Ballistic Performance of GFRP Laminate under 150 m/s High-Velocity Impact: Simulation and Experiment,” Polymers, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 604, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.3390/polym13040604.

C. Stephen, B. Shivamurthy, A.-H. I. Mourad, and R. Selvam, “High-velocity impact behavior of hybrid fiber-reinforced epoxy composites,” Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 43, no. 9, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40430-021-03139-6.

S.-H. Xin and H. M. Wen, “Numerical study on the perforation of fiber reinforced plastic laminates struck by high velocity projectiles,” The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 513–523, Aug. 2012, doi: 10.1177/0309324712454650.

I. K. Giannopoulos, M. Yasaee, and N. Maropakis, “Ballistic Impact and Virtual Testing of Woven FRP Laminates,” Journal of Composites Science, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 115, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.3390/jcs5050115.

E. Sevkat, B. Liaw, F. Delale, and B. B. Raju, “A combined experimental and numerical approach to study ballistic impact response of S2-glass fiber/toughened epoxy composite beams,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 69, no. 7–8, pp. 965–982, Jun. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.001.

M. V. Mousavi and H. Khoramishad, “Investigation of energy absorption in hybridized fiber-reinforced polymer composites under high-velocity impact loading,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 146, p. 103692, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2020.103692.

H. Khaledi and Y. Rostamiyan, “High-speed impact analysis of reinforced GFRP sandwich structure with lattice core using experimental and finite element methods,” Plastics, Rubber and Composites, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 171–185, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1080/14658011.2022.2103621.

O. T. Topac, B. Gozluklu, E. Gurses, and D. Coker, “Experimental and computational study of the damage process in CFRP composite beams under low-velocity impact,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 92, pp. 167–182, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.06.023.

P. Wilson, A. Ratner, G. Stocker, F. Syred, K. Kirwan, and S. Coles, “Interlayer Hybridization of Virgin Carbon, Recycled Carbon and Natural Fiber Laminates,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 21, p. 4955, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.3390/ma13214955.

K. Venkatesan, S. Rajaram, I. Jenish, and G. B. Bhaskar, “Fatigue and creep behavior of abaca–sisal natural fiber–reinforced polymeric composites,” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 19961–19972, May 2023, doi: 10.1007/s13399-023-04295-6.

M. Jakob et al., “The strength and stiffness of oriented wood and cellulose-fibre materials: A review,” Progress in Materials Science, vol. 125, p. 100916, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100916.

Z. Zhang, S. Ding, C. Zhao, and X. Liang, “Development progress of China’s 600 km/h high-speed magnetic levitation train,” Frontiers of Engineering Management, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 509–515, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0199-z.

H. Li, J. Shi, X. Li, J. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “Current status and reflection on the development of high-speed maglev transportation,” Railway Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 327–335, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1108/rs-07-2023-0024.

S. N. A. Safri, M. T. H. Sultan, N. Yidris, and F. Mustapha, "Low velocity and high velocity impact test on composite materials—A review," International Journal of Engineering Science, vol. 3, pp. 50–60, 2014.

Y. Li et al., “A review of high‐velocity impact on fiber‐reinforced textile composites: Potential for aero engine applications,” International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 50–64, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1002/msd2.12033.

P. Foti, N. Razavi, A. Fatemi, and F. Berto, “Multiaxial fatigue of additively manufactured metallic components: A review of the failure mechanisms and fatigue life prediction methodologies,” Progress in Materials Science, vol. 137, p. 101126, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101126.

W. Abd-Elaziem et al., “Influence of nanoparticles addition on the fatigue failure behavior of metal matrix composites: Comprehensive review,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 155, p. 107751, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107751.

A. Akhavan-Safar, G. Eisaabadi Bozchaloei, S. Jalali, R. Beygi, M. R. Ayatollahi, and L. F. M. da Silva, “Impact Fatigue Life of Adhesively Bonded Composite-Steel Joints Enhanced with the Bi-Adhesive Technique,” Materials, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 419, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3390/ma16010419.

F. Ferruti et al., “Recombinatorial approach for the formation of surface-functionalised alkaline-stable lignin nanoparticles and adhesives,” Green Chemistry, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 639–649, 2023, doi: 10.1039/d2gc03406a.

Z. Zuo et al., “Small-sized Ag nanoparticle stacked films promoted by sustainedly released surfactants for plasmonic broadband super absorption,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 935, p. 168148, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.168148.

R. Ghamarpoor, M. Jamshidi, and M. Mohammadpour, “Achieving outstanding mechanical/bonding performances by epoxy nanocomposite as concrete–steel rebar adhesive using silane modification of nano SiO2,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36462-0.

M. Nikkhah Varkani, O. Moini Jazani, M. Sohrabian, A. Torabpour Esfahani, and M. Fallahi, “Design, Preparation and Characterization of a High-Performance Epoxy Adhesive with Poly (Butylacrylate-block-styrene) Block Copolymer and Zirconia Nano Particles in Aluminum- Aluminum Bonded Joints,” Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 3595–3616, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10904-023-02790-x.

S. A. Meguid and Y. Sun, “On the tensile and shear strength of nano-reinforced composite interfaces,” Materials & Design, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 289–296, Jun. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2003.10.018.

S. Karimi, A. O. Altayeh, and M. Kargar Samani, “Nanoparticle integration in adhesive and hybrid single lap joints: effect on strength and fatigue life under environmental aging,” Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, pp. 1–29, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1080/01694243.2024.2411305.

M. Li et al., “Improvements of adhesion strength of water-based epoxy resin on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites via building surface roughness using modified silica particles,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 169, p. 107511, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107511.

M. Grabi, A. Chellil, S. Lecheb, H. Grabi, and A. Nour, “Impact Behavior Analysis of Luffa/Epoxy Composites Under Low-Velocity Loading,” Applied Composite Materials, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10443-024-10209-0.

X. Zou, W. Gao, and W. Xi, “Influence of various damage mechanisms on the low‐velocity impact response of composite laminates,” Polymer Composites, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 722–737, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1002/pc.27810.

A. Karimi, D. Rahmatabadi, and M. Baghani, “Various FDM Mechanisms Used in the Fabrication of Continuous-Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review,” Polymers, vol. 16, no. 6, p. 831, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.3390/polym16060831.

Z. An, X. Cheng, D. Zhao, Y. Ma, X. Guo, and Y. Cheng, “Tensile and Compressive Properties of Woven Fabric Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates Containing Three-Dimensional Microvascular Channels,” Polymers, vol. 16, no. 5, p. 665, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.3390/polym16050665.

R. Amara, B. Riadh, A. A. Hassen, N. Mokhtar, and L. Hadji, “Hygrothermal effect of bio-inspired helicoid laminate plate for strengthening damaged RC beam,” Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, pp. 1–18, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.1080/15376494.2024.2392623.

C. J. Jenkins, M. J. Donough, and G. B. Prusty, “Design and manufacture of mould-free fibre-reinforced laminates with compound curvature,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 131, no. 3–4, pp. 1795–1806, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s00170-024-13226-2.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

    1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
    2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
    3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).