DOI : https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.1.10987

Effects of Ripening Level and Processing Delay on the Characteristics of Oil Palm Fruit Bunches

Adi Ruswanto (1), Ari Handono Ramelan (2), Danar Praseptiangga (3), Ida Bagus Banyuro Partha (4)
(1) Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A Kentingan 57126, Jebres, Surakarta,Central Java, Indonesia.
(2) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Jl.Ir. Sutami 36 A Kentingan 57126, Jebres, Surakarta,Central Java, Indonesia.
(3) Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A Kentingan 57126, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia.
(4) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, STIPER Agricultural University, Jl.Nangka II, Maguwoharjo 55282, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Fulltext View | Download
How to cite (IJASEIT) :
Ruswanto, Adi, et al. “Effects of Ripening Level and Processing Delay on the Characteristics of Oil Palm Fruit Bunches”. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, Feb. 2020, pp. 389-94, doi:10.18517/ijaseit.10.1.10987.
Citation Format :
Palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) are raw materials used in CPO mills and produced by palm oil plants. The nature and quality of these raw materials considerably affect the characteristics of the crude palm oil (CPO).  The characteristic of crude palm oil (CPO) can be affected by freshness level, ripening of palm fruit bunches, growing sites, poor transportation and harvest and postharvest systems. Amongst the aforementioned factors, the major problems that occur frequently are the ripening level and processing delay of palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) and also brondolan (loose fruits from bunches). Harvested FFBs must be optimally ripened to achieve high oil content and must be immediately taken to the factory for processing.  Accordingly, the present study aims to evaluate the characteristics of palm oil produced at different ripening levels and processing delay times of palm fruit bunches from oil palm plantations in Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia. The objects of this research are ripening level (underripe, ripe, overripe and brondolan) and processing delay time (12, 36 and 60 h). Results show that the ripening level and length of processing delay of palm fruit bunches can affect the deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) value, free fatty acid (FFA) content, oil content, peroxide value (α = 0.05) and profile of fatty acid composition. A long processing delay increases FFA content and peroxide value, but decreases DOBI value and oil content. From the observed parameters, the best results are found on ripe FFBs with a processing delay time of 12 h. The results are still good at 36 h but deteriorated after 60 h.

Hidayati J, Hasibuan S. Value Chain Analysis and Value Added Enhancement of Indonesia Crude Palm Oil Supply Chain. 2019;9(2).

Sharif ZBM, Taib NBM, Yusof MSB, Rahim MZ Bin, Tobi ALBM, Othman MS Bin. Study on Handing Process and Quality Degradation of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB). IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2017;203(1).

Oettli P, Behera SK, Yamagata T. Climate Based Predictability of Oil Palm Tree Yield in Malaysia. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2018;(April 2017):1-13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20298-0

Ruswanto A, Ngatirah, Afriansyah A. Sifat minyak kelapa sawit pada tingkatan umur tanaman dan jumlah buah yang membrondol. Agroteknose. 2011;V(1):31-6.

Prayogi A, Adiwirman, and Khoiri MA. Study of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Fruit Quality on Various Plants Age. JOM FAPERTA. 2016;3(1):10.

Lee K, Ong ASH. Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of the Lipid Classes in Developing Oil Palm Mesocarp. 1986;25(2):2-4.

Listia E, Indradewa D, Tarwaca E. Growth , Productivity , and Oil Extraction Rate of Palm Oil in High Altitude. Ilmu Pertan. 2015;18(2):77-83.

Departemen Pertanian Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian nomor 01/Permentan/KB.120/1/2018. Tentang Pedoman Penetapan Harga Pembelian Tandan Buah Segar Kelapa Sawit Produksi Pekebun. Departemen Pertanian Republik Indonesia; 2018.

Corley R.H.V and Tinker P.B. The Oil Palm. Fifth. West Sussex, USA: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2016. 692 p.

Ulfah M, Ruswanto A, Ngatirah. Karakteristik Minyak Campuran dari Red Palm Oil dengan Palm Kernel Olein. . AGRITECH J Teknol Pertanian Univ Gadjah Mada. 2016;36(2):145-53.

Ali FS, Shamsudin R, Yunus R. The Effect of Storage Time of Chopped Oil Palm Fruit Bunches on the Palm Oil Quality. Agric Agric Sci Procedia [Internet]. 2014;2(December 2015):165-72. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2210784314000254

Afshin K, Endan J Bin, Harun H, Ahmad D and Saleena F. The Relationship between Palm Oil Quality Index Development and Physical Properties of Fresh Fruit Bunches in the Ripening Process. J Food Sci Technol. 2011;3(1):18.

Krisdiarto AW, Sutiarso L, Widodo KH. Optimasi Kualitas Tandan Buah Segar Kelapa Sawit dalam Proses Panen-Angkut Menggunakan Model Dinamis. Agritech. 2017;37(1).

AOCS. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS. 5th edn. American Oil Chemists’ Society Champaign Illinois. In: Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS 5th edn American Oil Chemists’ Society Champaign. 5th ed. Illinois; 2003.

Kuntom A, Lin SW, Ai TY, Yusof M, Sue TT, Ibrahim NA. MPOB Test Methods: a compendium of test on palm oil products,palm kernel products, fatty acids, foot related products and other. Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia: Malaysian Palm Oil Board; 2005. 72-75 p.

Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Standar Minyak kelapa sawit mentah ( Crude palm oil ) SNI 01-2901-2006. Jakarta, Indonesia; 2006.

Tan C, Ariffin AA, Ghazali HM, Kuntom A, Choo AC. Changes in oxidation indices and minor components of low free fatty acid and freshly extracted crude palm oils under two different storage conditions. J Food Sci Technol. 2017;1-8.

Lukito P dan S. The Effect of Palm Oil Fruit Bunch Injury to Free Fatty Acid Content and CPO Rendement at Talisayan 1 Estate Berau. Bul Agrohorti. 2017;5(1):37-44.

Krisdiarto, A W dan Sutiarso L. Study on Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Bruise in Harvesting and Transportation to Quality. Makara J Technol. 2016;20(2):67-72.

Noviar MH, Sukardi, Amzulrifin. Quality Control System of Crude Palm Oil on Palm Oil Processing Industry (Case Study Bah Jambi Palm Oil Mill, PTPN IV, Medan, North Sumatra). Int J Sci Res Publ. 2016;6(7):101-6.

Kasmin H, Lazim AM, Awang R. Determination of Fatty Acid Composition and Quality Characteristics of Oils from Palm Fruits Using Solvent Extraction. In: The 2015 UKM FST Postgraduate Colloquium AIP Conf Proc. American Institute of Physics; 2015. p. 7.

Imoisi, OB; Ilori, GE; Agho, I.; Ekhator J. Palm oil, its nutritional and health implications (Review). J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2015;19 (1):7.

Pootao S, Kanjanapongkul K. Effects of ohmic pretreatment on crude palm oil yield and key qualities. J Food Eng [Internet]. 2016;190:94-100. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.06.021

Hadi A bin A, Dato, Mohammad AW, Takriff MS. Spreadsheet Modelling for Temperature Profile inside Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunch. J Ind Eng Res. 2015;1(September):25-32.

Ramsanjani, P, I., Irsal M. Hubungan Fraksi Kematangan Buah dan Ketinggian Tandan terhadap Jumlah Buah Memberondol pada Panen Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di Kebun Rambutan PTPN III. J Agroekoteknologi FP USU. 2017;5(2):315-28.

Amata, I and A Ozuor E. The Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Quality of Crude Palm Oil ( CPO ) in Delta North Agricultural Zone of Delta State , Nigeria. J Environ Issues Agric Dev Ctries. 2013;5(1):19-24.

Ebongue N, Frank G, Mpondo M, Albert E, Ekwe D, Laverdure E, et al. Assessment of the quality of crude palm oil from smallholders in Cameroon. J Stored Prod Postharvest Res. 2011;2(March):52-8.

Anyaohaa KE, Mouazenb AM, Sakrabania R, Patchigollac K. Evaluating oil palm fresh fruit bunch processing in Nigeria Kelechi E. Anyaoha. 2018;36(3):236-46.

Hasibuan HA. The Study of Quality and Characteristic on Indonesian Palm Oil and Its Fractionation Products. J Standadisasi. 2012;14(1):13-21.

Albakri ZM, Kassim MSM, Tobib HM. Comparison study on oil palm fresh fruit bunch ( FFB ) maturity stages determination based on color recognition model and position of FFB in leaf spiral. In: International Conference on Agricultural and Food Engineering. 2016. p. 23-5.

Cherie D, Herodian S, Ahmad U, Mandang T, Makky M. Optical Characteristics of Oil Palm Fresh Fruits Bunch ( FFB ) Under Three Spectrum Regions Influence for Harvest Decision. 2015;(January).

Cherie D, Herodian S, Mandang T, Ahmad U. Advance Models for Camera-Vision Based Oil Content Prediction of Intact Oil Palm Fruits ( Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ) on Trees with Nondestructive Evaluation. 2015;5(4):314-22.

Joe T, Argout X, Summo M, Champion A, Cros D, Omore A, et al. Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Oil Palm Fruit Mesocarp Maturation , Ripening , and Functional Specialization in Lipid and Carotenoid Metabolism 1 [ W ][ OA ]. Am Soc Plant Biol. 2011;156(June):564-84.

Zu KSA, Nsiah A, Bani RJ. Effect of processing equipment and duration of storage of palm fruits on palm oil yield and quality in the Kwaebibrem District , Ghana. Agric Res Rev. 2012;1(February):18-25.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

    1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
    2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
    3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).