DOI : https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.14.3.19820

Metabolite Compounds of Euglena sp. on Mass Cultivation System under MgCl2 and CaCl2 Salt Stress

Eko Agus Suyono (1), Dwi Hardianti Luthfiana (2), Raihan (3), Dedy Kurnianto (4), Khusnul Qonita Maghfiroh (5), Ria Amelia (6), Tia Erfianti (7), Arief Budiman (8), Nugroho Dewayanto (9)
(1) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(5) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(6) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(7) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(8) Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(9) Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Fulltext View | Download
How to cite (IJASEIT) :
Suyono, Eko Agus, et al. “Metabolite Compounds of Euglena Sp. On Mass Cultivation System under MgCl2 and CaCl2 Salt Stress”. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 14, no. 3, June 2024, pp. 1057-63, doi:10.18517/ijaseit.14.3.19820.
Citation Format :
Euglena sp. is rich in primary and secondary metabolite compounds. This cosmopolitan organism can survive extreme conditions such as salt stress because it can increase cell growth rate and metabolism. This mass cultivation research uses an open pond system that is very vulnerable to contamination, so variations in salinity of MgCl2 and CaCl2 are used as treatments because they minimize contamination. The research examines the correlation of salt types to cell growth rate, biomass, monosaccharide profile, paramylon, pigment, and lipid of Euglena sp. Research methods include preparation, medium making, mass cultivation, and measurement of test parameters. Data were analyzed through One-Way ANOVA followed by DMRT, with a 5% confidence level. Based on the research result, the highest value of biomass and paramylon content and productivity at CaCl2 treatment with consecutive values 0.013 ± 0.001, 0.002 ± 0.000, 9.556 ± 0.070, and 0.149 ± 0.019. Monosaccharides analysis produced in the form of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and arabinose amounted to < 10 ppm. CaCl2 treatment produced the highest sucrose of 6251 ppm. The highest chlorophyll-a and carotenoid pigments are located at CaCl2 treatment, respectively (1.698 ± 0.051)b and (0.500 ± 0.032)b. At the same time, the salt treatment has a significant effect on lipid content. To summarize, almost all metabolite compounds were highest in CaCl2 treatment. This research is expected to contribute to developing the Euglena sp. mass cultivation system as a source of bioenergy and biomaterials.

K. Q. Maghfiroh, T. Erfianti, I. N. Afifah, R. Amelia, D. Kurnianto, B. R. Sadewo, R. Maggandari, B. R. Aji, A. Budiman, and Suyono, E. A, “The effect of photoperiodism on nutritional potency of Euglena sp. Indonesian strains,” Mal J Nutr., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 453-466, 2023.

W. Z. Aqilla, D. P. Andeska, T. Erfianti, B. R. Sadewo and E. A. Suyono, “Tocopherol Content of Euglena sp. Isolated from Yogyakarta under Glucose and Ethanol Mixture Treatment.” Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences., vol.33, no.3, pp. 450-460, 2023.

T. Bhattad, A. Koradiya, and G. Prakash, “Prebiotic activity of paramylon isolated from heterotrophically grown Euglena gracilis”. Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 9, 2021

J. Zhu, and M. Wakisaka,” Application of lignosulfonate as the growth promoter for freshwater microalgae Euglena gracilis to increase productivity of biomass and lipids. Fuel, vol. 283, pp. 2-9, 2021.

H. Sun, Y. Wang, Y. He, B. Liu, H. Mou, F. Chen, and S. Yang,” . Microalgae-derived pigments for the food industry. Marine Drugs., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 82, 2023.

F. Bibi, I.M.Ali, M. Ahmad, A. Bokhari, K.S. Khoo, M. Zafar, and P.L. Show, “Production of lipids biosynthesis from Tetradesmus nygaardii microalgae as a feedstock for biodiesel production”. Fuel, vol. 326, 124985, 2022

J.-M. Jung, J. Y. Kim, S. Jung, Y.-E. Choi, and E. E. Kwon, “Quantitative study on lipid productivity of Euglena gracilis and its biodiesel production according to the cultivation conditions,” Journal of Cleaner Production., vol. 291, pp.1-9, 2021.

H. S. Indahsari, A. C. M. A. R. Tassakka, E. N. Dewi, M. Yuwono, and Suyono, E. A., “Effects of salinity and bioflocculation during Euglena sp. harvest on the production of lipid, chlorophyll, and carotenoid with Skeletonema sp. as a bioflocculant,” J Pure Appl Microbiol., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2901-2911, 2022.

S. D. Kanna, I. Domonkos, T. O. Kóbori, A. Dergez, K. Böde, S. Nagyapáti, O. Zsiros, R. Ünnep, G. Nagy, G, Garab, L. Szilák, K. Solymosi, L. Kovács, and B. Ughy, “Salt stress induces paramylon accumulation and fine-tuning of the macro-organization of thylakoid membranes in Euglena gracilis cells,” Frontiers in Plant Science., vol. 12, pp. 1-1, 2021.

Y. Huang, X. Wan, Z. Zhao, H. Liu, Y. Wen, W. Wu, and C. Zhao, “Metabolomic analysis and pathway profiling of paramylon production in Euglena gracilis grown on different carbon sources,” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 246, 125661, 2023.

S. Kim, R. Wirasnita, D. Lee, J. Yu, and T. Lee, “Enhancement of growth and paramylon production of Euglena gracilis by upcycling of spent tomato byproduct as an alternative medium”. Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 17, 8182, 2021.

E.K. Paisey, and E. Santosa, ”Self-pruning in lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) after treatments with ichiphon, abscisic acid and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers”, Acta Agrobotanica, vol. 76, 168236, 2023

J. Provost, G. Van Vooren, B. Le Gouic, A. Couzinet-Mossion, and J. Legrand, “Systematic investigation of biomass and lipid productivity by microalgae in photobioreactors for biodiesel application,” Bioresource Technology., vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 150-158, 2011.

L. Vitali, V. Lolli, F. Sansone, A. Kumar, A. Concas, and G.A. Lutzu, (2023). “Lipid content and fatty acid methyl ester profile by Chromochloris zofingiensis under chemical and metabolic stress”, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1-14.

V. Timotius, E.A. Suyono, L. Suwanti, M.D. Koerniawan, A. Budiman, and U.J. Siregar, “The content of lipid, chlorophyll, and carotenoid of Euglena sp. under various salinities”. Asia-Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol, vol.30, pp. 114-122, 2022

R. Amelia, A. Budiman, A.P, Nugroho, and E.A. Suyono, “Influence of Salinity on The Growth and Fatty Acids Production of Euglena sp. Local Strain from Dieng Plateau, Indonesia”. Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, vol. 18, no.3, pp. 202-213, 2023

D. Loconsole, and P. Santamaria, “UV lighting in horticulture: A sustainable tool for improving production quality and food safety”. Horticulturae, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 9, 2021.

E. A. Suyono, W. P. Yuarrina, Y. S. Pradana, A. Budiman, A. I. Majid, and Indarto,” Study of cultivation and growth rate kinetic for mixed cultures of local microalgae as third generation (G-3) bioethanol feedstock in thin layer photobioreactor,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series., vol. 1022, no. 1, pp. 1- 7, 2018.

E. A. Suyono, L. Aminin, U. Pradani, R. N, Mu’avatun, R. Habiba, and E. F. Rohma,” Combination of blue, red, white, and ultraviolet lights for increasing carotenoids and biomass of microalga Haematococcus pluvialis,” Procedia Environmental Sciences., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 399– 405, 2015.

W.-R. Lin, Y.-C. Lai, P.-K Sung, S.-I Tan, C.-H. Chang, C.-Y, Chen, J. -S, Chang, and I.-S. Ng,” Enhancing carbon capture and lipid accumulation by genetic carbonic anhydrase in microalgae,” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers., vol. 10, pp. 1-11, 2018.

E. Bernard, and C. Guéguen, “Influence of carbon sources on the phenolic compound production by Euglena gracilis using an untargeted metabolomic approach”. Biomolecules, vol. 12, no. 6, pp.795, 2022

E. P. Fan, Y. Li, R. Deng, F. Zhu, F. Cheng, G. Song, W. Mi, and Y. Bi, “Mixotrophic cultivation optimization of microalga Euglena pisciformis AEW501 for paramylon production,” Mar Drugs., vol. 518, no. 20, pp. 1-13, 2022.

R. J. Muchut, R. D. Calloni, F. E. Herrera, S. A. Garay, D. G. Arias, A. A. Iglesias, and S. A. Guerrero, “Elucidating carbohydrate metabolism in Euglena gracilis: Reverse genetics-based evaluation of genes coding for enzymes linked to paramylon accumulation. Biochimie., vol. 184, pp. 125-131, 2021

M. S. Yeom, J.S. Lee, and M.M Oh, “Enhancement of Bioactive Compounds in Mugwort Grown under Hydroponic System by Sucrose Supply in a Nutrient Solution”. Journal of Bio-Environment Control, vol.32, no. 1, pp. 22-33, 2023

C. A. S. Ruiz, S. Z. Baca, L. A. M. Broek, C. Berg, R. H. Wijffels, and M. H. M. Eppink,” Selective fractionation of free glucose and starch from microalgae using aqueous two-phase systems,” Algal Research., vol. 46, pp. 1-7, 2020

Y. Chen, Q. Yao, X. Zeng, C. Hao, X. Li, L. Zhang, and P. Zeng, “Determination of monosaccharide composition in human serum by an improved HPLC method and its application as candidate biomarkers for endometrial cancer,” Frontiers in Oncology., vol. 12, pp. 1-5, 2022

A. Andreeva, E. Budenkova, O. Babich, S. Sukhikh, V. Dolganyuk, P. Michaud, and S. Ivanova, “Influence of carbohydrate additives on the growth rate of microalgae biomass with an increased carbohydrate content,” Marine Drugs., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1-13, 2021

Z. N. Husseini, S. A. H. Tafreshi, P. Aghaie, and M. A. Toghyani, ”CaCl2 pretreatment improves gamma toxicity tolerance in microalga Chlorella vulgaris,” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety., vol. 192, pp. 1-11, 2020

J. M. Salman, R. A. Grmasha, C. Stenger-Kovács, E. Lengyel, O. J. Al-Sareji, A. M. A. A. Al-Cheban, and M. Meiczinger,”Influence of magnesium concentrations on the biomass and biochemical variations in the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris,” Heliyon., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2023.

J. Yang, W. Li, C. Xing, G. Xing, Y. Guo, Y, and H. Yuan,” Ca2+ participates in the regulation of microalgae triacylglycerol metabolism under heat stress. Biology Engineering., vol. 1, pp. 1-6, 2022.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

    1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
    2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
    3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).