Experimental Investigation of Zigzag Height Variation on the Concave Blade Surface and Its Impact on Savonius Rotor Performance
How to cite (IJASEIT) :
K. K. Jaiswal et al., “Renewable and sustainable clean energy development and impact on social, economic, and environmental health,” Energy Nexus, vol. 7, p. 100118, Sep. 2022, doi:10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100118.
M. A. Azni, R. Md Khalid, U. A. Hasran, and S. K. Kamarudin, “Review of the Effects of Fossil Fuels and the Need for a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Policy in Malaysia,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 5, p. 4033, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su15054033.
S. H. Chaklasiya, R. R. Saxena, and P. V. Ramana, "Review on performance evaluation of helical Savonius wind turbine," Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1464–1471, 2018.
M. Al-Ghriybah, M. F. Zulkafli, D. H. Didane, and S. Mohd, “Review of the recent power augmentation techniques for the Savonius wind turbines,” J. Adv. Res. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sc., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 71–84, Mar. 2024.
S. Fanel Dorel, G. Adrian Mihai, and D. Nicusor, “Review of Specific Performance Parameters of Vertical Wind Turbine Rotors Based on the SAVONIUS Type,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 1962, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14071962.
N. A. Satwika, R. Hantoro, E. Septyaningrum, and A. W. Mahmashani, “Analysis of wind energy potential and wind energy development to evaluate performance of wind turbine installation in Bali, Indonesia,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 4461–4476, Mar. 2019, doi:10.15282/jmes.13.1.2019.09.0379.
T. Hidayat, “Wind Power in Indonesia: Potential, Challenges, and Current Technology Overview,” Indonesia Post-Pandemic Outlook: Strategy towards Net-Zero Emissions by 2060 from the Renewables and Carbon-Neutral Energy Perspectives, Nov. 2022, doi:10.55981/brin.562.c7.
T. Wijanarko, D. Didane, W. Wijianto, M. Al-Ghriybah, N. Nasir, and I. Mat, “Assessing the wind energy potential in provinces of West Java, Papua, and East Borneo in Indonesia,” Journal of Applied Engineering Science, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1053–1062, 2022, doi:10.5937/jaes0-35192.
S. R. Venkatramakrishnan, J. K. Pandey, A. K. Mondal, and A. Karn, “Low speed wind turbines for power generation: A review,” J. Adv. Res. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sc., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 146–169, Mar. 2024.
Z. Tasneem et al., “An analytical review on the evaluation of wind resource and wind turbine for urban application: Prospect and challenges,” Developments in the Built Environment, vol. 4, p. 100033, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.dibe.2020.100033.
M. Torresi, B. Fortunato, G. Pascazio, and S. M. Camporeale, “CFD Analysis of a Savonius Rotor in a Confined Test Section and in Open Field,” Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Wind Turbine Technology, pp. 799–809, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.1115/gt2011-45877.
A. G. Chitura, P. Mukumba, and N. Lethole, “Enhancing the Performance of Savonius Wind Turbines: A Review of Advances Using Multiple Parameters,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 15, p. 3708, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.3390/en17153708.
Z. P. Tang, Y. X. Yao, L. Zhou, and B. W. Yu, “A Review on the New Structure of Savonius Wind Turbines,” Advanced Materials Research, vol. 608–609, pp. 467–478, Dec. 2012, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.467.
N. R. Maldar, C. Y. Ng, and E. Oguz, “A review of the optimization studies for Savonius turbine considering hydrokinetic applications,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 226, p. 113495, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113495.
L. Chen, J. Chen, and Z. Zhang, “Review of the Savonius rotor’s blade profile and its performance,” Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 1, Jan. 2018, doi:10.1063/1.5012024.
X.-H. Wang, J. S.-Y. Foo, A. Fazlizan, W.-T. Chong, and K.-H. Wong, “Effects of endplate designs on the performance of Savonius vertical axis wind turbine,” Energy, vol. 310, p. 133205, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133205.
N. Alom and U. K. Saha, “Influence of blade profiles on Savonius rotor performance: Numerical simulation and experimental validation,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 186, pp. 267–277, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.02.058.
R. Tania, R. L. Florin, I. V. D. Adriana, M. Roxana, A. Ancuta, and D. Florin, “Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Overlap Ratio on Savonius Turbines Performance,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, no. v8i3, 2018, doi:10.20508/ijrer.v8i3.7764.g7480.
I. Farozan, T. A. F. Soelaiman, P. Soetikno, and Y. S. Indartono, “The effect of rotor aspect ratio, stages, and twist angle on Savonius wind turbine performance in low wind speeds environment,” Results in Engineering, vol. 25, p. 104041, Mar. 2025, doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104041.
M. S. M. Shamsuddin and N. M. Kamaruddin, “Experimental study on the characterization of the self-starting capability of a single and double-stage Savonius turbine,” Results in Engineering, vol. 17, p. 100854, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100854.
M. N. Goodhand, K. Walton, L. Blunt, H. W. Lung, R. J. Miller, and R. Marsden, “The Limitations of ‘Ra’ to Describe Surface Roughness,” Volume 5C: Heat Transfer, Jun. 2015, doi:10.1115/gt2015-43329.
S. Nugroho, B. Nugroho, E. Fusil, and R. Chin, “Effects of varied roughness coverage area on drag in a turbulent boundary layer using numerical simulations,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 287, p. 115721, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115721.
M. Al-Ghriybah and D. H. Didane, “Performance Improvement of a Savonius Wind Turbine using Wavy Concave Blades,” CFD Letters, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 32–44, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.37934/cfdl.15.9.3244.
S. A. R. Meri, H. B. B. Salleh, M. N. Nemah, B. A. Al-Quraishi and N. Z. Binti Asmuin, "Performance evaluation of Savonius wind turbine based on a new design of blade shape", Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 837-846, 2019.
S. Meri AR and H. Bin Salleh, “Numerical Investigation of Savonius Rotor Elliptical and the Design Modification on a Blade Shape,” Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering, pp. 177–185, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0_20.
R. Sumiati, U. G. S. Dinata, and D. A. Saputra, “Enhancing Savonius Rotor Performance With Zigzag Surface Investigated at Drag Force, Pressure, and Flow Visualization Analysis,” TEM Journal, pp. 866–874, May 2024, doi: 10.18421/tem132-03.
K. A. H. Al-Gburi, F. B. I. Alnaimi, B. A. J. Al-quraishi, E. S. Tan, and A. K. Kareem, “Enhancing Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Performance: A Comprehensive Approach with Numerical Analysis and Experimental Investigations,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 10, p. 4204, May 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16104204.
R. Sumiati, D. A. Saputra, and U. G. S. Dinata, “The influence of zigzag position on the concave surface of a Savonius turbine on its performance,” ICETSS, vol. 1, pp. 261–266, Aug. 2024. Accessed: Feb. 13, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://icetss.pmu.edu.my/index.php/icetss2024/article/view/92.
M. Rizk and K. Nasr, “Computational fluid dynamics investigations over conventional and modified Savonius wind turbines,” Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 6, p. e16876, Jun. 2023, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16876.
R. Sumiati, U. Dinata, and D. Saputra, “Enhancing the performance of Savonius rotor using tiered-height zigzag patterns in concave surface,” Journal of Applied Engineering Science, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 113–122, 2024, doi: 10.5937/jaes0-46250.
A. Sanusi, S. Soeparman, S. Wahyudi, and L. Yuliati, “Experimental study of combined blade Savonius wind turbine,” Renew. Energy Resour., vol. 6, pp. 614–619, 2016.
D. D. D. P. Tjahjana, Z. Arifin, S. Suyitno, W. E. Juwana, A. R. Prabowo, and C. Harsito, “Experimental study of the effect of slotted blades on the Savonius wind turbine performance,” Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 100249, Mar. 2021, doi: 0.1016/j.taml.2021.100249.
F. Guo, B. Song, Z. Mao, and W. Tian, “Experimental and numerical validation of the influence on Savonius turbine caused by rear deflector,” Energy, vol. 196, p. 117132, Apr. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.117132.
K. A. H. Al-Gburi, B. A. J. Al-quraishi, F. B. Ismail Alnaimi, E. S. Tan, and A. H. S. Al-Safi, “Experimental and Simulation Investigation of Performance of Scaled Model for a Rotor of a Savonius Wind Turbine,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 23, p. 8808, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15238808.
A. M. Abdelsalam, M. A. Kotb, K. Yousef, and I. M. Sakr, “Performance study on a modified hybrid wind turbine with twisted Savonius blades,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 241, p. 114317, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114317.
J. Thiyagaraj, I. Rahamathullah, G. Anbuchezhiyan, R. Barathiraja, and A. Ponshanmugakumar, “Influence of blade numbers, overlap ratio and modified blades on performance characteristics of the savonius hydro-kinetic turbine,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 46, pp. 4047–4053, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.568.
A. S. Saad, A. Elwardany, I. I. El-Sharkawy, S. Ookawara, and M. Ahmed, “Performance evaluation of a novel vertical axis wind turbine using twisted blades in multi-stage Savonius rotors,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 235, p. 114013, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114013.
W. Tian, X. Ni, Z. Mao, and Y.-F. Wang, “Study on the performance of a new VAWT with overlapped side-by-side Savonius rotors,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 264, p. 115746, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115746.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).