DOI : https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.2.20275

Asymmetrical 4x2 Array Microstrip Antenna Using Glass Fiber-Ramie-Alumina-Carbon Composite Substrate for 5G Mobile Communication

Irfan Mujahidin (1), Budi Basuki Subagio (2), Muhlasah Novitasari Mara (3), Helmy (4), Akio Kitagawa (5)
(1) Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
(2) Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
(3) Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
(4) Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
(5) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanzawa university, Japan
Fulltext View | Download
How to cite (IJASEIT) :
[1]
Irfan Mujahidin, B. B. Subagio, M. N. Mara, Helmy, and A. Kitagawa, “Asymmetrical 4x2 Array Microstrip Antenna Using Glass Fiber-Ramie-Alumina-Carbon Composite Substrate for 5G Mobile Communication”, Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 471–477, Apr. 2025.
Citation Format :
This paper proposes an asymmetrical 4x2 array antenna for 5G centimeter-wave (cm-wave) communication systems. To optimize substrate efficiency, we employed a multi-element-antenna array combination using sixteen elements. Our substrate optimization involved a Glass Fiber-Ramie-Alumina Composite with a permittivity of 9.4. The proposed asymmetrical 4x4 array operates within the 3.5 GHz frequency band for 5G cm-wave applications. The individual antenna element achieves a gain of 5.23 dBi, which increases to 10.9 dBi when configured in an eight-element array. The optimized antenna substrate offers several advantages, including improved electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. This results in a substantial reduction in leakage and attenuation, substantially simplified fabrication processes, and markedly reduced manufacturing costs, making it well-suited for 5G communications. The reduction in manufacturing costs is particularly significant, as it can contribute to overall affordability and widespread adoption of 5G technology. Additionally, the improved electrical and mechanical properties of the substrate ensure reliable and efficient performance in various environmental conditions. Furthermore, the proposed antenna design is compact and lightweight, making it suitable for various applications, including mobile devices, wearable technology, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The combination of these advantages positions the proposed antenna as a promising candidate for future 5G communication systems, particularly in scenarios where low-cost, high-performance, compact form factors, efficient power consumption, and robustness against interference are essential.

L. Banda, M. Mzyece, and F. Mekuria, “5G Business Models for Mobile Network Operators - A Survey,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, 2022, doi: 10.1109/access.2022.3205011.

N. O. Parchin, J. Zhang, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, G. F. Pedersen, and S. Zhang, “A planar dual-polarized phased array with broad bandwidth and quasi-endfire radiation for 5g mobile handsets,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, vol. 69, no. 10, 2021, doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3069501.

I. Mujahidin, D. A. Prasetya, Nachrowie, S. A. Sena, and P. S. Arinda, “Performance tuning of spade card antenna using mean average loss of backpropagation neural network,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020, doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2020.0110280.

K. Ramahatla, M. Mosalaosi, A. Yahya, and B. Basutli, “Multiband Reconfigurable Antennas for 5G Wireless and CubeSat Applications: A Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, 2022, doi:10.1109/access.2022.3166223.

S. B. Damsgaard, N. J. Hernandez Marcano, M. Norremark, R. H. Jacobsen, I. Rodriguez, and P. Mogensen, “Wireless Communications for Internet of Farming: An Early 5G Measurement Study,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, 2022, doi: 10.1109/access.2022.3211096.

E. Sonalitha et al., “Combined text mining: Fuzzy clustering for opinion mining on the traditional culture arts work,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020, doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2020.0110838.

J. Khan, S. Ullah, U. Ali, F. A. Tahir, I. Peter, and L. Matekovits, “Design of a Millimeter-Wave MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Communication Terminals,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 7, 2022, doi:10.3390/s22072768.

D. A. Prasetya and I. Mujahidin, “2.4 GHz Double Loop Antenna with Hybrid Branch-Line 90-Degree Coupler for Widespread Wireless Sensor,” 2020. doi: 10.1109/eeccis49483.2020.9263477.

Y. G. Adhiyoga, S. F. Rahman, C. Apriono, and E. T. Rahardjo, “Miniaturized 5G Antenna With Enhanced Gain by Using Stacked Structure of Split-Ring Resonator Array and Magneto-Dielectric Composite Material,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, 2022, doi:10.1109/access.2022.3163285.

I. Mujahidin and A. Kitagawa, “The Novel CPW 2.4 GHz Antenna with Parallel Hybrid Electromagnetic Solar for IoT Energy Harvesting and Wireless Sensors,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 12, no. 8, 2021, doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2021.0120845.

S. Dey, M. S. Arefin, and N. C. Karmakar, “Design and Experimental Analysis of a Novel Compact and Flexible Super Wide Band Antenna for 5G,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, 2021, doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068082.

I. Mujahidin and A. Kitagawa, “The Compact 2.4 GHz Hybrid Electromagnetic Solar Energy Harvesting (HES-EH) circuit using Seven Stage Voltage Doubler and Organic Thin Film Solar Cell,” in 2021 4th International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems, ISRITI 2021, 2021. doi:10.1109/isriti54043.2021.9702844.

N. M. El-Wazery, M. I. El-Elamy, and S. H. Zoalfakar, "Mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester composites," Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., vol. 14, pp. 121-131, 2017.

P. Sadeghi, Q. Cao, R. Abouzeid, M. Shayan, M. Koo, and Q. Wu, “Experimental and Statistical Investigations for Tensile Properties of Hemp Fibers,” Fibers, vol. 12, no. 11, p. 94, Nov. 2024, doi:10.3390/fib12110094.

O. R. Alobaidi et al., “Vacuum annealed Ga:ZnO (GZO) thin films for solar cell integrated transparent antenna application,” Mater Lett, vol. 304, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130551.

S. Sarjoghian, Y. Alfadhl, X. Chen, and C. G. Parini, “A 3-D-Printed High-Dielectric Materials-Filled Pyramidal Double-Ridged Horn Antenna for Abdominal Fat Measurement System,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, vol. 69, no. 1, 2021, doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3008653.

H. A. Elmobarak, M. Himdi, X. Castel, S. K. A. Rahim, and T. K. Geok, “Flexible Patch Antenna Array Operating at Microwaves Based on Thin Composite Material,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, 2022, doi:10.1109/access.2022.3218342.

S. Ma, X. N. Li, Z. D. Li, and J. J. Ding, “Electronic Beam Steering Metamaterial Antenna with Dual-Tuned Mode of Liquid Crystal Material,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 5, 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23052556.

H. Van Damme, “Concrete material science: Past, present, and future innovations,” Cement and Concrete Research. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.002.

Y. Fu, T. Shen, J. Dou, and Z. Chen, “Absorbing Material of Button Antenna with Directional Radiation of High Gain for P2V Communication,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 11, 2023, doi:10.3390/s23115195.

Y. I. Abdulkarim et al., “Design of a broadband coplanar waveguide-fed antenna incorporating organic solar cells with 100% insolation for ku band satellite communication,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 1, 2020, doi:10.3390/ma13010142.

X. Yi, C. Cho, J. Cooper, Y. Wang, M. M. Tentzeris, and R. T. Leon, “Passive wireless antenna sensor for strain and crack sensing - Electromagnetic modeling, simulation, and testing,” Smart Mater Struct, 2013, doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/22/8/085009.

Q. Xia et al., “High temperature microwave absorbing materials,” J Mater Chem C Mater, 2023, doi: 10.1039/d2tc04671g.

M. N. Abbasi, A. Aziz, K. A. Aljaloud, A. R. Chishti, Y. T. Aladadi, and R. Hussain, “A Close Proximity 2-Element MIMO Antenna Using Optically Transparent Wired-Metal Mesh and Polyethylene Terephthalate Material,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, 2023, doi:10.1109/access.2023.3298568.

A. Tamang et al., “Combining Photosynthesis and Photovoltaics: A Hybrid Energy-Harvesting System Using Optical Antennas,” ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 12, no. 36, 2020, doi:10.1021/acsami.0c09007.

H. C. Huang and J. Lu, “Evolution of Innovative 5G Millimeter-Wave Antenna Designs Integrating Non-Millimeter-Wave Antenna Functions Based on Antenna-in-Package (AiP) Solution to Cellular Phones,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, 2021, doi:10.1109/access.2021.3077309.

W. Hong, K. H. Baek, and S. Ko, “Millimeter-Wave 5G Antennas for Smartphones: Overview and Experimental Demonstration,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 2017, doi: 10.1109/tap.2017.2740963.

K. A. Fante and M. T. Gemeda, “Broadband microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G wireless applications,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, doi:10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2238-2244.

J. Zhang, X. Ge, Q. Li, M. Guizani, and Y. Zhang, “5G Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array: Design and Challenges,” IEEE Wirel Commun, 2017, doi: 10.1109/MWC.2016.1400374RP.

H. Kim and S. Nam, “Performance Enhancement of 5G Millimeter Wave Antenna Module Integrated Tablet Device,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, vol. 69, no. 7, 2021, doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3044651.

A. Suharjono et al., “Performance Evaluation of LoRa 915 MHz for IoT Communication System on Indonesian Railway Tracks with Environmental Factor Propagation Analysis,” in Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, and Communications Technology, IAICT 2023, 2023. doi: 10.1109/iaict59002.2023.10205909.

S. Tariq, S. I. Naqvi, N. Hussain, and Y. Amin, “A Metasurface-Based MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, 2021, doi: 10.1109/access.2021.3069185.

I. Mujahidin and A. Kitagawa, “Ring slot CP antenna for the hybrid electromagnetic solar energy harvesting and IoT application,” Telkomnika (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 290–301, Apr. 2023, doi:10.12928/telkomnika.v21i2.24739.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

    1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
    2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
    3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).